Neurotransmitters and precursors of neurotransmitters

Glutamine, glutamate, GABA and glycine are important neuroendocrinological components. An imbalance can result in different symptoms. Glutamine is the most important, non-essential source of nitrogen and the most important source of energy in food. Together with cysteine and glycine, glutamine is also a building block of glutathione. Glutamine deficiency can occur as a result of chronic inflammations, intestinal diseases, after trauma and surgeries. Glutamate is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS. Glutamate is substantially involved in the mediation and processing of sensory stimuli, the control of intended movements and higher brain function, such as learning and memory. Excessive glutamate activity or its insufficient inhibition leads to stress, anxiety and depression. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and direct antagonist of glutamate. The effect of GABA is based on an inhibited presynaptic release of excitatory neurotransmitters. A deficiency can lead to high blood pressure, chronic pain or schizophrenia. Glycine is the quantitatively predominant neurotransmitter in the brain stem and spinal cord and has both inhibitory and excitatory functions. It has a relaxing and sleep-promoting effect.